我国饲料型四倍体刺槐研究进展   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

李云  姜金仲 《草业科学》2006,23(1):41-46

四倍体刺槐Robinia pseudoacacia自1997年引入我国以来,国内学者对其主要进行了如下几个方面的研究:1)不同地域不同立地条件下的适应性、生物量及叶片营养含量,肯定了饲料型四倍体刺槐的引种价值。2)常规和微繁育苗技术:常规育苗技术中的插根和嫁接繁殖技术已经成熟,达到了规模化生产的要求;微繁技术已找到了愈伤组织诱导及其分化为苗的培养基组合和培养条件以及组培苗的适宜移栽方式。3)抗盐基因遗传转化:已成功地将甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因(BADH)转入四倍体刺槐,得到了15个抗盐植株,抗盐植株对NaCl的相对抗性提高了2‰~3‰。从引种、造林、微体快繁技术和遗传转化4个方面综述了这些研究成果,并探讨了存在的问题及可能的解决方法。  相似文献   

不同电融合参数及融合液对昆明小鼠2-细胞胚胎融合及囊胚率的影响     

周川  赵云程  黄俊成 《动物医学进展》2012,33(5):56-59

四倍体胚胎在研究哺乳动物配子发生、发育、四倍体的发生、遗传、免疫机制等方面具有重要作用,因此提高融合及发育效率至关重要。为找出适合小鼠2-细胞胚胎融合的最佳方案,试验采用两种融合液0.3mol/L甘露醇溶液和0.3mol/L蔗糖溶液,两种融合液均采用了120V/mm,20μs×2、100V/mm,40μs×2、80V/mm,80μs×2三种电融合参数。其中采用0.3mol/L甘露醇溶液作为融合液且融合参数采用80V/mm,80μs×2获得了92.5%的融合率和90.6%的囊胚率,是小鼠2-细胞胚胎融合的最佳方案。  相似文献   

四倍体刺槐与刺槐光合速率日变化差异   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

宋庆安 《湖南林业科技》2012,(1):14-16,40

为了解四倍体刺槐与刺槐光合生理生态特性的差异,及生长的适宜生态条件,培育出优质高产的林木,采用LI—6400便携式光合测定系统对四倍体刺槐和刺槐的光合生理特性日变化进行了研究。结果表明:①四倍体刺槐的净光合速率(Pn)日变化呈"单峰"型曲线,最高峰值出现在10:30左右;刺槐的Pn日变化呈"双峰型"曲线,有明显的"午休"现象,第一个峰出现在9:00左右,第二个峰出现在15:00左右,第一个峰值明显高于第二个峰值。②Tr在很大程度上决定于气孔的活动状态。③四倍体刺槐的光合能力>刺槐。④四倍体刺槐与刺槐的Pn与Gs成极显著正相关,与Tr成显著性正相关。⑤刺槐对环境的适应能力强于四倍体刺槐。  相似文献   

Population structure and linkage disequilibrium in diploid and tetraploid potato revealed by genome‐wide high‐density genotyping using the SolCAP SNP array     

Benjamin Stich  Claude Urbany  Per Hoffmann  Christiane Gebhardt 《Plant Breeding》2013,132(6):718-724

Genome‐wide association (GWA) mapping in potato requires high‐density genotyping. With the Illumina SolCAP potato single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, a first tool for GWA mapping in potato became available. Thirty‐six tetraploid varieties and eight diploid breeding clones were genotyped for 8303 SNPs using this array. The objectives of our study were to examine in this set of germplasm: (i) the degree of polymorphism of the SolCAP SNPs in European germplasm, (ii) the population structure, (iii) temporal trends of genetic diversity and (iv) the genome‐wide extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD). Three‐quarters of the SNPs were polymorphic. In the principal coordinate analysis, a clear separation of tetraploid from diploid genotypes was observed, whereas no distinct subgroups among the tetraploid varieties were detected. The nonlinear trendline of the LD measure vs. the physical map distance decayed within 275 bp to an value of 0.10, indicating that theoretically, about 3 million equally distributed SNPs are required for GWA mapping in this diverse set of germplasm. As the LD decay changes with the population selected for GWA mapping, the number of required markers might be different in other germplasm.  相似文献   

Artificially induced polyploidization in Humulus lupulus L. and its effect on morphological and chemical traits     

Anna Trojak-Goluch  Urszula Skomra 《Breeding Science》2013,63(4):393-399

Chemically induced polyploids were obtained by the colchicine treatment of shoot tips of Humulus lupulus L. ‘Sybilla’. Flow cytometry revealed that most of the treatments resulted in the production of tetraploids. The highest number of tetraploids was obtained when explants were immersed in 0.05% colchicine for 48 h. A field experiment was conducted to compare diploid and tetraploid plants and assess the effect of genome polyploidization on the morphological and chemical characteristics. Tetraploids showed significant differences in relation to diploids. They had thinner and shorter shoots. The influence of chromosome doubling was also reflected in the length, width and area of leaves. The length of female flowers in the tetraploids was significantly shorter than that observed in diploids. Tetraploids produced a diverse number of lupuline glands that were almost twice as large as those observed in diploids. The most distinct effect of genome polyploidization was a significant increase in the weight of cones and spindles. Contents of major chemical constituents of hop cones was little affected by ploidy level. Total essential oils were significantly lower than those in diploids. However there was a significant increase in the proportion of humulene, caryophyllene and farnesene, oils desired by the brewing industry.  相似文献   

Local evidence for tolerance of birdsfoot trefoil (lotus corniculatus) to acid soils     

D.L. Barnes 《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2013,30(3):118-119

Abstract

The pattern of yield response of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) cv. San Gabriel to soil amendment with lime and superphosphate on a virgin acid soil indicated that this legume is tolerant of local acid soils and moderately tolerant of low levels of extractable phosphorus.  相似文献   

寒富苹果叶片离体再生及四倍体诱导   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

欧春青  李林光  何平  张志宏 《果树学报》2008,25(3):293-298

为建立寒富苹果高效的离体再生体系和多倍体诱导体系,以试管苗叶片为外植体,研究了培养基中激素对寒富叶片再生芽的影响及适宜的四倍体诱导方法。结果表明,当培养基中BA质量浓度为0.5mg/L时,再生频率最高达35.7%;当培养基中BA质量浓度为2.5mg/L时,再生频率超过90%,平均再生芽数在4以上。在培养基中附加1.0mg/LTDZ,再生频率达100%,平均再生芽数达19.47。以附加15、30、60、120mg/L秋水仙素的液体再生培养基处理叶片5d,各个质量浓度处理均诱导出四倍体植株,诱变率在5.3%～22.2%之间;寒富苹果叶片在附加50mg/L秋水仙素固体再生培养基上处理5d亦获得了四倍体植株。研究结果表明寒富苹果叶片具有极强的不定芽再生能力,叶片再生过程中进行秋水仙素处理是获得其四倍体的一个有效途径。  相似文献   

Induction of autotetraploidy using colchicine and its identification in radish (Raphanus sativus L.)     

C. Limera  K. Wang  L. Xu  Y. Wang  X. Zhu  H. Feng 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2016,91(1):63-70

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二倍体西瓜及其同源四倍体叶片sRNA表达谱分析     

龙娅丽  江雪飞  周鹏  徐子健  孙梦利 《热带作物学报》2018,39(4):661-668

植物多倍化后的基因表达平衡重建受到sRNA调节,miRNA是植物多倍化中基因表达进行反式调控的主要小分子成员。本研究利用新一代高通量测序对西瓜二倍体(2n)及其同源四倍体(4n)叶片的sRNA进行表达谱测序分析。结果表明:(1)2n中sRNA以21 nt为主,4n中则以24 nt为主。(2)在2n和4n鉴定出已知miRNA分别为110个和172个,新miRNA分别为246和829个,其中差异表达的已知miRNA 205个,新miRNA 815个。(3)GO功能显著性富集分析表明差异表达的miRNA在细胞组成、代谢过程及催化活性上显著富集。(4)KEGG代谢分析表明,差异表达的已知miRNA主要富集在初级代谢和次级代谢途径上,新miRNA则主要富集在植物激素信号转导途径、RNA转运途径和ABC转座子途径上。(5)差异表达的miRNA中与植物抗逆胁迫相关的已知miRNA 25个,新miRNA 62个,且80.46%抗逆miRNA在西瓜二倍体中上调表达,是四倍体中的4倍以上。根据miRNA的负向调控原理推测这些上调表达的miRNA在西瓜二倍体中可能会抑制部分抗逆基因的表达,影响二倍体的抗逆性。本研究在转录后调控调控水平上为西瓜多倍体较二倍体拥有更强抗逆性提供了理论依据,同时对西瓜多倍体及二倍体之间的基因表达谱分析做了补充。  相似文献   

青檀多倍体诱导试验初报   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张林  王峰 《中国农学通报》2015,31(13):1-4

为获得具有优良性状的青檀四倍体植株,以青檀幼苗为试验材料,通过秋水仙素浸泡生长点的方法,研究了不同秋水仙素浓度和处理时间对青檀染色体加倍的诱导效果。结果表明：以0.4％—0.8％秋水仙素处理72ｈ诱导效果最佳,变异率最高达34.2％。经流式细胞仪和茎尖染色体鉴定,初次镜检青檀四倍体植株染色体数目为2n＝4x＝36,成功获得了青檀四倍体植株。  相似文献